PSID Materials and Methods 1

MATERIALS AND METHODS

1.   381 PIECES How many pcs. Of 16” x 16” ceramic tiles will fit a 6.78m x 8.18m room?

2.   CERAMIC TILES used for flooring are the mosaics- relatively small, modular units of natural clay or porcelain complexion. The natural clay type is unglazed, with muted earth colors; the porcelains can have bright colors and are vitreous (made dense and impervious) – made from clay or a mixture of clay and ceramic materials, pressed into tiles and fired at a high temperature.

3.   PLANKS the widest type of wood, about 75mm to 75 mm (3in. to 10in.) wide. Varieties of widths are usually combined, are effective when a rustic look is preferred.

4.   21-23 PIECES How many pieces of 4’ commercially cut cornice will be needed for a 7.34m x 4.67m room?

5.   GRANOLITHIC usually used for floors, granolithic is a superior and less porous kind of concrete made from cement, granite chippings and granite dust. It is very hard-wearing. More often used in factories then in the home, but when sealed is easy to maintain. It is used in workrooms, garage, etc. it’s very hard and not generally suitable for living areas.

6.   PYRAMID CEILINGS ceiling directs the eye upward to its peak; a focus that can be accentuated further with an illuminating skylight.

7.   VITREOUS TILE kind of ceramic tile that is glasslike, describes a tile that is slightly more absorptive than impervious tile, but still at a very low rate to impervious and vitreous tiles are appropriate for use in exterior applications exposed to rain and freezing temperatures or in interior applications that require constant exposure to water, such as swimming pools.

8.   The FOUNDATION SYSTEM forms the base of a building, anchors it firmly to the ground, and supports the building elements and spaces above.

9.   ____________________ How many panels of shirred curtain do we need for a window opening of 165” of a 72” raw panel width fabric material?

10.  IMPERVIOUS This kind of ceramic tile has the lowest absorption level.

11.  LIMESTONE is a sedimentary rock chiefly formed by the accumulation of organic remains such as shells and corals. The color range of this material is limited to a neutral palette of buff and gray. More commonly used as exterior cladding for building, limestone is susceptible to staining and should not be exposed to excessive soil.

12.  MARBLE is a kind of stone that has been a preferred material for the overlaying of interior walls as veneer and for flooring from the very earliest age. It is a stone consisting of crystalline and compact varieties of carbonate of lime, or sometime a carbonate of magnesia and of such color and texture as to permit a high polish. Many of the ornamental stones, such as serpentine, alabaster and granite are sometimes loosely designated as this stone.

13.  434 PIECES How many pieces of .30m x .45m granite slab do we need for a room with a size of 7.85m x 6.78m?

14.  SANDSTONE is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral rock grains. In a similar way to sand, it varies in color, through gray, yellow, red and white. They are resistant to weathering, yet easy to work with, making it a common building and paving material. The hardness of individual grains, uniformity of grain size and friability of its structure makes it an excellent material for making grindstones which is used for sharpening blades and other implements.

15.  DEAD LOAD How a building is constructed determines its dead load, which is the weight of its structural and nonstructural components, including any fixed equipment.

16.  SEDIMENTARY class of rock that are formed by the deposition of sediments.

17.  SLATE is a fine-grained homogenous metamorphic rock which through metamorphism is derived from an original shale type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash. It has been historically used for roofing; slate is commonly used as a contemporary interior floor or wall finish. It is a dense, non-porous stone which varies in color from dark blue (Welsh)  to the heather colors and grey-green (Westmoreland).

18.  LINEAR METAL CEILING ceilings use steel, aluminum, or stainless steel panels. Open slots permit sound to be absorbed by backing of batt insulation.

19.  The building SUPER STRUCTURE consists of structural floor, wall, column, and roof systems.

20.  CONCRETE can also be used as a finish flooring surface if smooth and level enough, it should be sealed against stains and grease. It can be painted, stained or integrally colored when cast. An exposed aggregate finish can provide textural interest. Terrazzo is a special type of exposed aggregate finish with mosaic-like patterns created by the marble chips used.

21.  A CURVED CEILING uses a curved surface to soften its meeting with the surrounding wall planes.

22.  CONCRETE is made of cement and aggregate. It comes in natural, gray or red colors and is usually square in shape. Even if it is suitable for patios, terraces and showers, it can be very hard and cold. It is now being used in a lot of the interiors such as kitchen and even living rooms.

23.  LIVE LOAD How a building is used determines its live load, which is the weight of its occupants and any movable equipment and furnishings.

24.  METAMORPHIC Class of rock that have undergone a change in structure, texture or composition. Changes that have been brought about by natural agencies such as heat and pressure making the rock harder and more crystalline.

25.  VOLMETRIC SOURCE are point sources expanded by the use of translucent materials into spheres, globes, or other three-dimensional forms.

26.  PLANK FLOORING wood composed of square units preassembled at the mill, these are usually installed with a sealant, adhesive or protective coating.

27.  DYNAMIC LOAD Where a building is located determines its potential load from the dynamic forces of wind and earthquakes.

28.  GABLED CEILING ceiling expand space upward toward the ridge line. Depending in the direction of any exposed structural elements, the gabled form may direct our attention to the height of the ridge or to its length.

29.  LINEAR SOURCES can be used to give direction, emphasize the edges of planes, or outline and area. A parallel series of linear sources can form a plane of illumination which is effective for the general, diffused illumination of an area.

30.  TRAVERTINE is a sedimentary rock; a natural precipitate of carbonate minerals, typically aragonite, which is deposited from the water of mineral springs, especially hot springs, or streams saturated with calcium carbonate. When pure, it is white, but is often brown to yellow due to impurities. Extensive deposits exist at Tivoli, Italy, near Rome. This stone is characterized by pitted holes and troughs in its surface. Although these occur naturally, considerable wear and tear occurring over many years is suggested by such to some eyes.

31.  WOOD STRIP FLOORING the most popular wood choice, that is between about 40mm and 60mm (1% and 2% inches wide)

32.  UNIT BLOCK type of wood block flooring made by joining short lengths of strip flooring edgewise.

33.  WOOD PARQUET consists of small lengths of wood strips, either individual slats or preconfigured into tiles that are arranged to form patterns.

34.  VAULTED ceiling that directs our eyes upward and along its length.

35.  LAMINATED BLOCK type of wood that is made by bending three or more wood veneers with  a moisture resistant adhesive, these are usually tongue and grooved to ensure proper alignment and setting.

36.  SLAT BLOCK type of wood that is made by assembling narrow slats into larger units.

37.  SEMI-VITREOUS This kind of tile has an absorption level of more than 3.0% but not more than 7.0%.

38.  CERAMIC MOSAIC TILE Category of ceramic tile that are usually 6 mm to 10 mm (1/4” to 2/5”) thick. The tile, which has a face area of less than 150 sq.mm. (6 sq. in.). The most common sizes are 25mm x 25mm (1”x1”) or 50mm x 50mm (2” x 2”). It can be made of either porcelain or natural clay and can be glazed or unglazed.

39.  A DOME is a centralized form that expands space upward and focuses our attention on the space beneath its center.

40.  PAVER are essentially large ceramic mosaic tiles. They are 150 sq. mm. (6 sq. in.) or more in size and are made of unglazed porcelain or natural clay. The slip resistance of pavers can be increased with textured surfaces or raised surface patterns such as a diamond design. These are generally weatherproof and are especially suitable for heavy floor service.

41.  QUARRY TILES are unglazed, extruded and made from either natural clay or shale. They are similar to bricks in material, performance, range of colors, and methods of installation. They are known to be very durable as a flooring material, being impervious to moisture, stains and dirt and are resistant to abrasion.

42.  BRICKS It is usually buff and comes in a variety of browns. Most types of hard brick make good floor surfaces and some pre-war houses without amp-proofing have this kind of floor. As bricks can be used both inside and out, they look well in rooms that open into the garden or courtyard.

43.  FREEFORM CEILINGS ceilings contrast with the planar quality of walls and floors, therefore attract our attention. Whether curvilinear or crystalline in nature, they are decorative and can often dominate the other elements of interior space.

44.  STONE together with wood or clay, it is one of the basic building materials of man. The history of architecture until as late as 1900 was largely the history of stone in Architecture due to the fact that it was the structural, material, the exterior and interior finishing material, the flooring material, and in many cases, the roofing material.

45.  IGNEOUS Class of rock that are formed by the crystallization of molten magma.

46.  RUBBLE STONE A classification of stone that is also known as fieldstone, these are loose, unfinished stones found on the surface or in the soil.

47.  DIMENSION STONE A classification of stone that are quarried and squared stones, cut into specific sizes, squared to dimensions, and of specific thickness.

48.  GRANITE A kind of stone that is a hard, durable, low-maintenance stone It is a grainy igneous rock (formed by volcanic action) that imparts a visual strength. Granite is relatively uniform in color and texture. It is extremely durable and highly resistant to stains, weathering and corrosion, and is not as porous as other cladding stones. Patterns that can be formed by panel placement with highly veined stones such as marble cannot be achieved with granite

49.  TERRAZO They imbedded the small stone pieces in concrete and polished the surface to a level finish. It is a very low-maintenance, seamless floor finish with the luxurious look of stone mosaic and a durable comparable to that of concrete. Often selected for its decorative possibilities, its artistry can produce striking medallions or intricate inlaid patterns.

50.  ACOUSTIC TILES are modular units of glass or mineral fiber. Some may have aluminum, ceramic or mineral faces. Consult manufacturer for sizes, design patterns, and details of supporting grid.

51.  903 BOARDFEET.  how many boardfeet is a 1 ¾” x 6” x 8’ T&G planks in 4.75m x 8.88m room?